ABSTRACT
Exosomes are lipid bilayer-enclosed nano-sized vesicles, which carry various biomolecules including proteins, lipids, and microRNAs. SARS-CoV-2-loaded exosomes can be entered into the susceptible host cells, and transported viral components which are associated with viral particles intercellular transmission and spread of infection. Over-stimulation of the immune system followed by excessive proinflammatory cytokine production is a hallmark of COVID-19. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes are a potential therapeutic option in COVID-19 due to their ability to decrease cytokine storm, improve tissue regeneration, and prevent multi-organs failure. Unraveling the exact role of exosomes underlying COVID-19 infection will be beneficial in understanding novel aspects of COVID-19 pathogenesis and therapy. This study aimed to investigate the importance of exosomes in COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
This article hypothesized that the use of PLGAPEG copolymer to deliver two or more antiretroviral drugs to suppress viral entry and viral replication by DX600 and Ribavirin, respectively can be a promising tool in treatment of coronavirus. Moreover, PLGAPEG copolymer has the potential to be applied as a nanocarrier agent for codelivery of any antiviral drugs to target tissue and consequently promotes the CART in living organisms. So, by including nanoparticles (NPs) in drug formulations, the efficacy, safety, and dose of administered drug would be improved. The formidable barriers for gastrointestinal tract, skin and cell have limited the therapeutic effects of antiviral drugs. For example, functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes were used as a nanodrug carrier for ribavirin for the treatment of viral diseases in fish. The results show that ribavirin intake was increased by nanocarrier and therapeutic dosage was significantly reduced. Several researches have been conducted about antiviral drug delivery nanosystems and their transport across specific barriers at cellular and intracellular level. Furthermore, improving the antiretroviral agents' delivery could overcome some probable limitations of current CART.